The central theme of both the poems is old age. Sylvia Plath and Jenny

The central theme of both(prenominal) the meters is rare hop on. Sylvia Plath and Jenny Joseph express their ideas of sexagenarian age by the poems reflect mirror and monitionIntroductionThe central theme of both the poems is old age. Sylvia Plath and JennyJoseph express their ideas of old age through the poems mirror andWarning. The intention of Sylvia Plath and Jenny Joseph aredifferent. The message they want to get through to us differs. JennyJoseph gearing us up towards old age through Warning and Sylvia Plathmaking old age sound grand in Mirror.In the poem mirror, Sylvia Plath uses a lot of dull and disallow wordsmaking old age sound terrifying duskiness drowned and terrible.Then she turns to those liars, the candles the moon in this sentenceshe refers to the candle or the moon being a liar putting a minusimage. Where as candles and moons are know to be a source of out of workmaking it positive. However the poem is very complicated to understandbecause it has a lot o f hidden meanings. She use a lot of vividwords and personification meaning bringing flavourless object to life,for example when she says at once Im a lake first line secondparagraph. The gentlewoman also portrays her life to be like a non-livingthing mirror, lake. This is because she describes her life to be lessobjective comparison to Warning. Here Jenny Joseph describes the dameto be quite cheerful, happy, and cheeking forth to old age. There isa rhythmic pattern in Warning. The repetition of the word and and I shall goes on through out the whole poem. The word and suggestJenny Joseph is pen while shes thinking, as she goes alongperhaps. This is telling the readers she is looking forward to herfuture and old a... ...tive, uglier.The word terrible is used in both the poems. Mirror Like a terriblefish giving it a negative image. And Warning You can wear terribleshirts and grow to a greater extent fat making it a positive word. The woman inMirror is dreading old age in fear o f becoming uglier. And the womanin warning looks forward to it believing that it is fun being old,like having her offspring back.ConclusionI think Warning by Jenny Joseph is more(prenominal) successful in getting itsmessage across to the readers. Her message is that old age can bereally fun, and after reading the poem I believe so too. On the otherhand Mirror by Sylvia Plath is also slightly effective but not asmuch. Sylvia Plath is trying to say old age is something to dreadbecause of how you may look but no everything is about yourappearance. Overall Warning wins for being more effective and lively.

Brent Staples’ Black Men in Public Places

disconsolate Men in semipublic S mistreats is a piece of autobiographical composing that deals with issues of racial discrimination and discrimination in the United States. In his short essay, brent Staple relates a hardly a(prenominal) of his nighttime experiences in the lane, which revealed the way in which he was perceived by the otherwises. As a member of the color community, Staples discovers that he is shunned by the strangers that he meets in the street and that women especially deliberate of him as of a perilous individual.Not being a violent man, Staples is multiform and offended by the awe he inspires to the strangers that pass him by and in short learns to shun them himself in order to ward off the unpleasantness of an encounter. Thus, Black Men in Public Places is best suited for biographical criticism. The essay recounts a few of the experiences of the pen during his encounters with strangers in the street. These experiences are related in such a way as to set off the social issues at hand racism in the form of prejudice and preconception.The author has several encounters with gabardine mountain during his night wanderings that reveal a disconcerting attitude on their part. The young person black man is shunned by the black-and-blue collectivity as a stern man. The setting of these occurrences is very important the night and the public places reveal the length that the black community is allowed for in the current society. Despite the feature that they are free, black men are regarded with prejudice and lack of confidence by absolute strangers, without any explicit motive.Thus, the author feels that his simple presence in the street, without any triggering gesture or attitude on his part, is likely to begin disturbance. He also realizes that the fact that he is considered dangerous by the others without other evidence than the fact that he is black can make his walks dangerous. To highlight his ideas, Brent Staples workouts a few accompaniment devices. Thus, initiative of all, the piece is to a greater extent of an essay than an actual yarn. Nevertheless, the author shapes it by giving it a particular ending.While he relates a few of his experiences as well as that of hotshot of his black friends who is also a journalist as himself in the beginning, he ends by remarking that he himself soon adopted the same attitude as the white individuals had towards him. Thus, in order to avoid the unpleasantness of feeling the attention he inspires to the strangers he meets in the street, he begins to avoid any star he sees himself and to keep his quad as much as possible.He also relates that he decides to quicken his pace and overtake other people in the street so that they should non feel as if they were followed by him. These techniques that the author uses for avoidance are indicative for the racial problem described here. Thus, the black men do not seem to be entitled to the public space, where they ar e looked upon with fear or distrust. Their mere presence is therefore avoided by strangers because of racial prejudice. The author creates an interesting effect at the beginning of the story as he uses semiotics and tropes in order to make his point.Thus, swinging for a heartbeat into the white perspective, he begins his story by declaring the first woman that ran off from him in the street his first victim My first victim was a woman-white, well dressed, probably in her early twenties. I came upon her late one evening on a deserted street in Hyde greens (Barnet, Burto and Cain, 301). The banter victim is a sign, emphasizing the way in which the white person perceived himself or herself in the presence of the black man.Furthermore, Staples makes use of an interesting metaphor to describe the confusing and galled effect that this first experience had on his own perception. Using an auditory image, he highlights the fact that the reality of prejudice was discovered to him in the sound of the hurrying footsteps of the white woman who was trying to escape him without any apparent reason It was in the echo of that terrified womans footfalls that I first began to know the unwieldy hereditary pattern Id come intothe ability to alter public space in horrible ways.(Barnet, Burto and Cain, 301) It is through this echo of avoidance that he hears in the womans footsteps that Staples realizes that he is not regarded as a simple individual hardly as a part of the black community, and, as such, he finds himself the involuntary inheritor of detrimental behavior. In order to transmit his message on racial prejudice, Staples also uses a metaphor describing the actual distance that lies betwixt black and white people That first encounter, and those that followed, signified that a vast, disconcert gulf lay between nighttime pedestrians in particular womenand me. (Barnet, Burto and Cain, 301) Using the word gulf to portray this distance and the relationship between the black and the white, Staples evokes the painful consequences of prejudice, which creates this insurmountable distance between people. These observations, determine the author to take precautions himself and avoid encounters in the street as much as possible I now take precautions to make myself less threatening. I move approximately with care, particularly late in the evening. I give a huge berth to nervous people on subway platforms during the wee hours, particularly when I have exchanged business clothes for jeans. (Barnet, Burto and Cain, 302) The ending of the story is also very effective, as the author declares himself the inventor of a tonic strategic point designed to relax the relationships between the two racial opposites. Thus, upon his encounter with white people, the author begins warbling cheerful songs meant to ease the atmosphere and amplification the confidence of the others Even steely new(a) Yorkers hunching toward nighttime destinations seem to relax, and on occasion they even join in the tune. Virtually everybody seems to sense that a mugger wouldnt be warbling bright, sunny selections from Vivaldis Four Seasons. (Barnet, Burto and Cain, 302) Black Men in Public Places is therefore effective precisely because the writers chooses an autobiographical style to relate his experiences, thusly providing with an introspective view of his experiences. The ending is particularly effective precisely because it depicts the superfluous efforts the author takes in order to make his presence in the street less conspicuously menacing for the white people. Works Cited Barnet, Sylvan, William Burto, and William E. Cain. Literature for Composition. New York Pearson Longman Publishers, 2007

Counselling Interview skills Essay

I decl be that this sagacity is my own work, based on my own personal research/ poll . I as well as decl be that this pass judgmentment, nor parts of it, has not been previously submitted for both other unit/module or course, and that I moderate not copied in part or whole or otherwise plagiarise the work of another student and/or persons. I curb evince the ACAP Student Plagiarism and Academic Misconduct Policy and understand its implications.I as well as declare, if this is a practical skills measure outment, that a Client/Interviewee Consent figure of speech has been read and signed by both parties, and where applicable parental consent has been obtained.1. briefly apologize how you would go nearly gathering learning to assess Tims current develop in heraldectual and rational wellness status.I would go a bend gathering information about Tims develop psychological and mental health status by using active seeing skills. I would be paying attention to Tims body langu age and pickings note of such things, as his difficulty in maintaining shopping centre fulfill. I would be asking Tim open straitss to help him gibber in more than detail about his mental health issues, an example of an open question I would ask is tin you tell me more about that?, and could you tell me about the time you dosed on doses?, so that I brush aside hit a deeper understanding of the key points regarding Tims mental health.I would also be asking Tim some shut down questions to obtain specific information regarding Tims current mental rural area, an example of this is are you still on medication for depression?, and are you still find oneselfing depressed?, and depending on whether or not Tims dose was an attempted suicide, I could also ask, catch you had any thoughts about taking your living?, so that I know his current mental state. I would be paraphrasing during our session so that Tim knows that I understand what he is saying and how he is feeling. I would be taking notes in this session so that I can evoke to key points. I would summarise what Tims key issues are, so that he has a chance to add any further information that whitethorn have been missed, and that may be important.2. Identify and briefly describe devil of Tims mental and/ or developmental health issues.Two of Tims developmental and mental health issues are, his aside and or current state of depression and the fact that Tim may have attempted suicide. Although Tim spent sestet months in hospital as an in-patient and has now been kinsperson for lead months, he may still be struggling with depression and suicidal ideation, if his drug overdose was an attempted suicide. Tim is experiencing moodiness and irregular sleep patterns, as well as a lack of focus and want, he also has fretting maintaining mettle contact. These symptoms may be the result of his depression or suicidal ideation, or they could be a sign of a developmental problem brought about by Tims dru g overdose. As Tim was given drugs for his depression, his symptoms could also be the result of view effects from the drugs he has been taking.3. If you do not have the capability or authority to assess Tims current mental or developmental health status, briefly explain how you would consult the arrogate person. If I did not have the capability or authority to assess Tims current mental or developmental health status, I could do two things. I could consult with my supervisor. I would ask Tim for his consent to discuss his concerns with my supervisor to gain advice from someone who has more cause than I do, so that his current mental health is assessed correctly. I could also think diagnosering Tim onto another health care professional such as a psychologist or psychiatrist. Another option would be to ask Tim for permission to contact Tims previous psychiatrist and request from them, either a earn of referral or Tims lymph node records, pertaining to Tims current mental h ealth status.4. Describe what factors you would take into account that may have impacted on the appearance and behaviour of Tim in relation to counselor services to be delivered.The factors I would be taking into account regarding the appearance and behaviour of Tim in relation to counselling services to be delivered would be, the fact that Tim has suffered from depression in the onetime(prenominal) and may still be currently experiencing depression. Tim may have attempted suicide by overdosing on drugs or his drug overdose could have been accidental. Tims assurance has been shattered. This could explain why he has botheration maintaining eye contact or it could be the result of developmental handle due to Tims drug overdose. Or he could be experiencing side effects from his medication.5. Briefly explain how you would mop up whether the counselling you can crack is suitable for Tim.I would have to evaluate my own level of experience and the area of counselling I am currently working in. Tims needs are the most important factor to consider. Tim has been hospitalised in the past and has seen a psychiatrist. While Tim was in hospital he was assigned environment therapy, given drugs and also assigned to group therapy. I would be taking solely of these things into account when evaluating whether to refer Tim. I think I would kindred to work with Tim, as he has already had the above mentioned treatments and found them to be unhelpful. I think Tim may benefit from counselling that offers a lymph node centred approach. I would explain to Tim how the client centred approach to counselling works, so that Tim can decide if this character of counselling approach would be something he feels favorable pursuing.6. Briefly describe how you would recognise and refer potentially serious issues for Tim in line with organisation requirements.I would be able to recognise and refer serious issues for Tim by familiarising myself with my organisations protocols, thei r referral procedures and referral lists. The type of organisation I worked for, and the type of counselling that is offered, would be a factor when deciding if Tim should be referred on to another organisation or professional. Things to consider would be Tims age, gender, the disposition/and or seriousness of Tims issues. If Tim did intend to take his own life and still has suicidal thoughts he would need to be referred to a mental health facility or possibly referred back to the hospital that was treating Tim three months ago. If Tim was to be referred on, I would organise this as early as possible, so as not to make it spartaner on Tim to transfer to someone else.7. Briefly describe the skills you would use with Tim to help clarify his problems and develop a counselling relationship.When meeting Tim for the showtime time, I would disclose myself, I would be open, friendly and informal. I would be trying to put Tim at ease so that he feels welcome and safe. I would have notic ed that Tim has trouble maintaining eye contact, so I would be very casual in the first a couple of(prenominal) minutes, allowing Tim to get familiar with his surroundings. After all the formalities have been explained to Tim and he has accepted them and decided to stay, I would say what is it you would like to talk to me about today? I would then tune in to Tim and listen with interest. I would be using minimal responses, paraphrasing, and summarising skills to let Tim know that I am understanding him and caring about what he is saying.The first few sessions with Tim would be all about building rapport, and developing our relationship. After this has been established, I would use zooming out skills to help Tim see that he is not alone(predicate) and that he has people in his life that care about him, and are able to offer their support. I would be asking open and closed questions to determine Tims current mental state, an example would be can you tell me a little more about t he drug overdose so that I could clarify if it was accidental or an attempted suicide. I would work with Tim on developing a list of what he feels are the key issues he would like to work on. This will help Tim clarify for the both of us what the key issues are.8. Briefly describe how you would consult with Tims parents or significant others to gather information, if the need presented itself.If the need presented itself I would introduce the idea of inviting Tims parents along to one of our counselling sessions to Tim. I would explain to Tim that sometimes it can be helpful to ask those who are close to you to come along to counselling with you, so that we can have more insight into how the relationships at home have been affected by all that has happened, and so that we have another point of view of the situation. I would only go ahead with this if Tim consented.9. Briefly describe what records and notes you would record for this client.Notes on next page.Clients Name TimClients A ge 25Date of Session 20/11/14Session 1Session Duration 60 minutesOthers Present NilStatus of Session Kept localization of function OfficeInformation given by clientTim is a 25 yr. old male. In final yr. of uni hospitalised for drug overdose during a bout of depression. In-patient at hospital 6 mths. Assigned milieu therapy, given drugs for depression, sawing machine psychiatrist occasionally, also assigned group therapy, which proved to be aimless. Been home for 3 mths. Living with parents, says they worry about his moodiness and irregular sleep patterns. Finds it hard to focus and lacks motivation to finish uni, but wants to one day. Feels confidence was shattered. Has trouble maintaining eye contact. Looking for part time work, avoids full-time work for fears of being asked about his past. Feels he has a terrible secret he has to confirm form everyone.Summary of clients issuesOverdosed on drugs, during a bout of depression. May/may not have been attempt at suicide. Hospita lised and kept as an in-patient for 6 mths. Had milieu therapy and group therapy. Saw psychiatrist occasionally, prescribed drugs. Tims confidence is shattered. Parents worry about Tims moodiness/irregular sleep patterns. No motivation/focus to finish uni. Avoids full time work, fears talking about past (embarrassed). Feels he has to keep his past secret from everyone (ashamed). Notes of counsellor I feel that Tim may benefit from a client centred approach to his counselling. The key issues for this client are outlined above.

Analyzing Race and Its Influence in your Community

Racial influences rely on a frame of factors dep finaleing on a places history and location. It may take on racialism according to color, racism according to social status, and racism base on religion and ethnicity. merely regardless of its foundation, racism indeed has evoke effects on people and the society at large.Racial differences in our companionship be not in terms of color, tho of religion and ethnicity. Actually, it is among Muslims and Christians. Anywhere in the world today, the root cause of conflicts ignore be attributed to religious and ethnic diversities.The unsolved barrier amongst Muslims and Christians has always resulted to misunderstandings, discrimination and worse, wars which goal up to loss of lives and to a greater extent prejudice and hatred. Personally, I believe racism only puts the clashing parties at losing nullifys.Culture and traditions between Muslims and Christians are different. It can be said that Muslims are more conservative and seclud ed compared to Christians who are more or less Westernized. From clothing to behavior and practices, both beliefs have puny similarities.In the community where I lived in, Christians often criticized the Muslim way of life. Basic is their carriage of clothing. Muslim wo men are sanctioned to move into veils and not a ace strand of hair should be exposed in public. The head should be totally covered. No skin should be seen so women always wear long-sleeves and long pants and skirts to cover their arms and legs respectively.Talking or hanging divulge with men is prohibited as well. Islamic laws require that women should remain tralatitious and well-kept in order to be respected and clean in the eyes of Allah, the Muslim term for God. virtually Christians often make raw and impolite remarks in front of Muslim women and stared at them head to backside which is a sign of disrespect and indifference.Apathetically, near Christians cannot really hide their emotions in that they f ate their strong message to be really imparted in a cruel manner. They utter comments such as Muslims are born traitors which is for me, a nasty thing to say. It is making the gap farther and harder to patch up.Drinking alcoholic drink is a taboo for Islamic submitters. They should abide by the five pillars of Islam including authority of faith in Allah (shahadah), praying five times a day (salat), abstain during the Holy Month of Ramadhan (saum), giving alms to the poor (zakat), and pilgrimage to Mecca if possible (hajj). Some Christians also laughed at the manner Muslims pray. During Ramadhan, some non-Muslims express negative interpretations by questioning the significance of not eating and not drinking anything the unharmed day.On the contrary, Christians are more carefree and liberated though there are some conservative families as well. But more often than not, they can do anything under the sun. Discipline and control are still instilled upon them but their behavior is of ten unlimited.Muslims also criticized Christians for being too modern especially in the way they dress. Some women wear in truth suggestive clothing, wake a lot of skin. These women are often disrespected and insulted by Muslim men and even Christian men for being too showy and vulgar. But Christians do not mind these comments thinking that they are up-to-date coition to the popular trends as seen on television and in the Internet.Most young Christian women nowadays are free to hang out anywhere some even drink and smoke in public. If public display of softheartedness to a boyfriend or girlfriend is illegal for Muslims, Christians often find it. Muslims usually practice arranged pairing and exclusiveness in marriage between Muslims alone while most Christians can choose whoever they want to be their lifetime partner regardless of religion and culture.As long as the couple loves each other, they can marry without obstacles from the fair sexs family. This is very prevalent in th e community where I live in.Muslim women who occasionally end up with Christian men are often disowned and as a result, the family of the Muslim woman takes revenge not only to the Christian big cat but to his entire clan as well. Some cases unfortunately end up in killings or total disowning of the Muslim woman by her kin and family including relatives and other blood relations.

Reflective Paper Essay

Mathematics for Elementary Teachers is a two- part note knowing to prep atomic number 18 potential educators the numerical concepts need to teach to elementary schools school-age childs K-8. The two-part course also addresses the relationship concepts to the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics Standards for K-8 instruction (Billstein, Libeskind & Lott, 2010).This semester, which presented the southward half the two-part course, the MTH/157 curriculum gave appropriate statistical methods to analysis data, applied basic concepts of chance, applied and identified geometric figures and signifiers for problem work out, and identified applications of measurements. This class introduced very interesting, exciting and fun ways how to teach the above mathematical concepts bid luck in the form of feistys.There argon several types of probabilities suppositional Probability and Experimental Probability. Theoretical probability examples groundwork be utilise to illustrat e the predictions of the Coin Flip or Dice Roll probability posts. Yangs example If there are n equally outcomes and an yield A for which there are k of these outcomes, then the expression of the probability that the event A leave happen looks like this P(A) = k/n (p. 283, para. 4). What I experience while playing the Coin Flip game was that the probability of flipping the mint and it play up heads was P (H) = .To include, the probability of flipping the coin and it turning up tails was P (T) = . So, if the chance of the coin flipped and turning up heads is 0.50 then the probability of two coins coming up heads is 0.5 x 0.5 = 0.25. What I experience while playing the Dice Roll game was that with both dice being rolled the outcome, sample space and events of the probability could be m all. Rolling the two dice there would have been 36 polar ways to predict the outcomes.I decided to roll unitary die instead of two dice so that I could exquisitely the probability of the die turning up an even number which resulted P (E) = 3/6 = . When dealing with real life situations, it is impossible to exercise the theoretical probability method. The experimental probability method is best employ in these instances by performing an experiment or survey.The experiment is utilise to predict occurrences that will happen in the future (Yang, 2012). Probability of autonomous and capable events might be the most difficult concepts for students to grasp. Independent events are those where the outcome of one event is not affected by the other, and dependent events are events where the outcome of one is affected by the other.The formula for these events could pose the student to become confused if not learned correctly. The course introduced the concepts of geometry in a fun way by giving me the opportunity to alter a geometry manipulative activity. My activity was to show kindergarten thru offshoot grade students how to mark three geometric shapes and how to select and count a specific shape out of a mixed group of shapes. The student will darkness on the tinted paper the example of the shape on the chalkboard which will be displayed one at a time by the teacher.Each time that the example shape is placed on the blackboard the student will call out the name of the shape. The teacher will then hold up that specific shape and its color so that the student can call out both the shape and its color to trace. subsequently the student has identified and traced all of the shapes on its specific colors, the teacher will place on the students desk 10 deracination out shapes consisting of 3 red circles, 5 yellow squares, and 2 verdure triangles.The instructor will ask the student to place all of the different shapes in 2 lines consisting of five shapes (assistance might be needed). While the instructor is observing each line of shapes, the instructor will ask the student to put all of the same colored shapes together in the lines.The instructor wi ll then ask the student to count and to tell the instructor the number of each shape that is in the mixed group of shapes.After the first uncertainty is answered correctly, the instructor can then ask question like Are there more(prenominal) squares then circles in the first group or second group? Or How many more squares are there then triangles in the first group or second group of mixed shapes? and Tell me what shapes is closest to the squares? MTH/157 not save introduced a curriculum that would help potential math teachers how the above mathematical concepts to elementary students, it also teaches the math teacher what concepts that the students might have hassle with and gives information on how to help that man-to-man student to grasp the concepts.In my opinion, the best way to make sure that every student learns any mathematical concept is to make it fun and game learning. In this way, students are more successful in clearly understanding and comprehending the fundam entals of the payoff and have a better chance of not forgetting, at least, the fountain steps. I have learned from this class that the above is very springy to achieve the characteristics of a professional mathematics teacher.If I were to recommend anything in the way to add to the course curriculum, it would be very little because I felt like the course was designed for someone like me an individual who has always found math courses to be very difficult. This course has been simplified to a dream that has influenced my ideas philosophy of teaching and that is that the most difficult can be fun learningReferencesBillstein, R., Libeskind, S., & Lott, J. W. (2010). A problem solving approach to Mathematics for elementary school teachers (10th Ed.). Boston, MA Wesley Yang, Rong. (2012). A-Plus Notes for Beginning Algebra Pre-Algebra and Algebra, Publisher, A-Plus Notes learning Center. Los Angles California

Multi-layered security Plan Essay

Hardw atomic number 18 and packet are key sections of both organizations fundament. Components in each domain of the seven domains of the IT infrastructure whitethorn connect to a interlock or to the earnings, and post be vulnerable to vindictive attacks. Malicious attacks on hardware and packet can also lead to more widespread problems. These problems can include way out of critical data or theft of financial information or intellectual property.Un protected IT and network infrastructure assets can offer attackers and cybercriminals the widest opening to access elegant resources. The ease of access makes assets that are connected to the internet the most(prenominal) common maiden point of attack. That means those assets should be you first line of defense. Technical failure and human error are the most common ca mappings of un learned down judgment of conviction. Malicious attacks can occur and cause downtime in all seven domains of an IT infrastructure, but you are mor e likely to chat them in the User, Workstation, LAN, and WAN domains.Opportunity cost is the amount of money a company losses out-of-pocket to downtime. The downtime can be either intentional or unintentional. Some organizations refer to opportunity cost as consecutive downtime cost. It usually measures the loss of productivity experienced by an organization due to downtime. One of the most important things that information security professionals try to protect is their organizations reputation and brand image. Companies that suffer from security breaches and malicious attacks that expose any assets are likely to face serious disconfirming consequences in the commonplace eye. In the popular usage and in the media, the destination hacker often describes someone who breaks into a computer system without imprimatur. In most cases that means the hacker tries to take control of a remote control computer through a network, or software cracking.The media and the general public also use the word hacker to describe anyone accused of use technology for terrorism, vandalism, credit card fraud, identity theft, intellectual property theft, or one of many other forms of crime. Protecting an organizations reckoning resources requires that you have some idea what tools your enemy will be using. penetrative how attackers work makes it possible to defend against their attacks. Many organizations use the same tools that attackers use to help identify weaknesses they need to address and it is better to do so before an attacker does. Computer criminals and malicious individuals use a quash of hardware and software tools to help carry out attacks.These tools and techniques include photo scanners, Port scanners, Sniffers, War dialers, and Key loggers. As with most technology requirements, it is unaccepted to cover all of your organizational needs with a single apparatus or program. By the same token, haphazardly bolting together a chassis of unrelated solutions leaves cracks that only get bigger as time goes on. Whats required is a multi-layered, company-wide approach in which integrated products complement and reenforce each other. In multilayered Network intrusion detection Systems (NIDS) is the first take of protection against remote intruders. NIDS monitor all the communications that come in to and stop those that look suspicious.This prevents hackers from overloading your server with Denial of Server (DOS) attacks and scanning your ports for vulnerabilities. attached comes the firewall which only legitimate communications (e.g. email, password certified remote users) are permitted to go through the firewall. This prevents illegitimate users from logging into or using your network. and so comes Email Scanning, while an email is technically an authorized form of communication, it may contain objectionable content (pornography, confidential information, overly large files, etc.).This software scans the contents of the email and rejects th ose that violate your company policies. Internet Security similar to email, a web site is technically an authorized form of communication. thus far only certain web sites and downloads are appropriate for the workplace. This software uses inborn criteria to limit the sites that can be visited, and scans what is downloaded. After that comes Server Level computer virus Scanning which is a strong anti-virus program with up figured signature files checks for viruses on either file that is saved to the server and protects against them. This is particularly important for email servers, such(prenominal)(prenominal) as those running MS Exchange.Workstation Virus Scanning Not every file is saved on the server. Files from a number of sources including those from infected floppy disks or downloaded off the internet are put directly on the local workstation, which therefore requires its own Anti-Virus software. Update Communication Software From time to time, prospective intruders and vi rus writers find vulnerabilities in popular types of communication software, such as Microsoft Outlook. When those holes are discovered software fixes or patches are do to close the vulnerabilities. It is therefore necessary to be diligent about beingness aware of these updates and applying them to the software.THE BEST DEFENSE Attentive Employees and Corporate Policies We can machine many effective technological solutions, but the most essential piece of a secure business is a company of people who determine the various dangers and the role they play in preventing them. One regularly quoted statistic is that 80% of security breaches come from inside the company. Strong security requires strong incorporate policies, clear management dedication, and good employee education about risks. 1) GeneralThis MLS think will give a brief overview of the security strategies that will be implemented at each level of the IT infrastructure. 2) User Domaina. The usage of security awareness t raining to instruct employees of Richman Investments security policies b. Auditing of user bodily function3) Workstation Domaina. The usage of antivirus and anti-malware programs on each user computer b. relentless access privileges to corporate datac. Deactivation of media ports4) LAN Domaina. Utilizing network switchesb. WPA 2 encryption to wireless access pointsc. Securing server rooms from unauthorized access5) LAN to WAN Domaina. Closing off unused ports via a firewall to reduce the chance of unwanted network access b. monitoring device inbound IP traffic, more specifically looking for inbound transmissions that face signs of malicious intent c. Run all networking hardware with up to date security patches, and operating systems 6) WAN Domaina. Enforce encryption, and VPN tunneling for remote connections b. assemble routers, and network firewalls to block Ping requests to reduce chance of Denial of expediency attacks c. Enforce anti-virus scanning of email attachmentsi. I solate found malicious software (virus, Trojans, etc.) when found d. Deployment of redundant internet connections to maximize availability 7)Remote rag Domaina. Establish strict user password policies, as well as lockout policies to defend against brute force attacks b. Require the use of authorization tokens, have a real-time lockout procedure if token is lost, or stolen c. enroll the hard drives of company computers, laptops and mobile device to prevent the loss of sensitive data

Hate Crime in America Essay

A despise Crime is an intentional, deliberate, and methodically-charged abomination put to death in order to cause harm or damage with wishing to a specific victim chosen as a offgrowth of prejudice, racism, predetermine, and vicious resentment. The range of abominate Crimes is a broad one. The newspaper will aver readers of varied types of detest crimes and behaviors of scorn crime. From that topic, readers will rook what detest crime, the history of abhor crime is and what makes hate crime diametrical from former(a) crimes. The topic will continue with the causes and characteristic of hate crimes making known readers of the popular hate crimes, their victims, and perpetrators.As the paper progress, the paper will inform readers research on what motivates masses to commit hate crimes such as state sexually preference, race or their worship. The topic will in same(p) manner touch on common ways of committing hate crimes and who is known for committing those different hate crimes. The paper would also provide research information on ways to address hate crime. Victims of hate crimes now have laws to shelter them from peoples cruel intentions. These laws help protect the rights of people who is nobble because of their religion, race, sexual orientation, handicap, ethnicity, or national business line.Offenses motivated by hatred against a victim based on their religion, sex orientation, race, handicapped, ethnicity, or national origin is considered a hate crime, this issue has risen up on the political charts however, the phenomenon is hardly new. dislike crimes was largely inspired by United States ghostly and racial prepossession (Phillips, 2009). Hates crimes go as far back as the proterozoic 16th and 17th century when Native Americans were the target of deterrence and wildness. (Phillips, 2009). The itemize of hate crimes connected in the US seems small when comp atomic number 18d to early(a)(a) crimes that ar move, but t he crime can become more(prenominal) scarlet than other crimes (Wessler, 2001).When hate crimes argon committed, it is not to just victimize that trusted person but the group of people that victim represents. This then causes loony bin and hatred to spread through the community like a virus. foreign other crimes hate crimes causes retaliation and may be the cause of serial publication of deaths to occur through a community very rapidly. Wessler (2001) says that young people mostly commit hate crimes and their victims endure more physical and psychological harm than victims of other crimes do. Victims should not have to deal with hate crimes solo communities and others should definitely speak place when others are being demeaning to others because of their religion, race, sexuality or sexual preference. consort to Wessler (2001) Everyday eight blacks, collar whites, three gays, three Jews, and one Latino become hate crime victims. Hate crimes is motivated by many diffe rent reasons, however race and religion inspire most hate crime that is committed in the Unites States (Wessler, 2001). When this bias act motivates this flagitious act, it targets forty percent of blacks and 13 percent are anti white. (Wessler, 2001). This bias act has been a rife in American history since the early 1800s. The new face of hate crime that has out number other hate crimes in the 20 century would be the attack against the Asian American and the homosexuals, according the FBI statistics (Wessler, 2001). Hate crimes is a gracious condition that is taught and has a host of factors that created a climate in which people , motivated by their biases, take criminal action (1999 Hate Crimes Laws, Anti-Defamation League,, 1999).According to 1999 Hate Crimes Laws, Anti-Defamation League, (1999), such factors include poor or uncertain economic conditions, racial stereo types, in films and on television. As early in the paper, it stated that most hate crime is committed becaus e of race, religion, gender or sexual orientation. Race is the leading cause for hate crimes to be committed. African Americans who constitute the single largest minority group are more likely to be victims of hate crimes than to be a perpetrator of hate crime. In 1995, at that place were 8,000 hate crimes reports and nearly 3,000 were motivated by bias against African Americans (Early Warning, Timely Response, Us Department of Education,). The other victims consist of Jews, Asian Americans and Muslims. Attacks upon gays and lesbians are becoming more violent and the number of attacks against this group is increasing.The Early Warning, Timely Response, Us Department of Education informs that there were 29 gay related murders. Most of the murders were accompanied hideous force including mutilation. The brutality of these attacks can be conveyed by describing the weapons involve. There are a range weapons used to commit these violent acts such as, bottles, bricks, and rocks, followe d by bats, clubs and dampen objects. Violence against gays and lesbians were so brutal, communities and most members of minorities that were al put up subject in discriminations oft clock times demonized them. This often left gay and lesbians feeling isolated and vulnerable because of the baffling relationship with their communities and the police department. Religion is also a face that motivates hate crime.Every week there is a cross-burned according to Wessler (2001). At St, joke Baptist Church a historic black church founded in 1765 has been a target of attacks committed by a group of whites which most of the time belong in a vicious hate group called the Ku Klux Klan. Groups like the KKK had such a negative impact on the society that they influenced 85 percent of the hate crime committed by single civilians and the other 15 percent they were directly responsible for committing those bias unlawful acts against others.Phillips (2009) Hate groups have so much power that the y can spawn violence even not being present during the time that the crime was committed Phillips (2009). St John Baptist Church was just one of at least 73 other churches that suffer vandalism and suspicious fires from hate groups Phillips (2009). Most hate crimes committed against African American churches was victimizing during the 1800s and early 1900s during the period of slavery. Hate crimes are committed for different reasons and can occur anywhere and anytime. The important matter is catching these hateful acts as soon as they are committed, starting line with hateful jokes and comments.Every Hour a hate crime is committed Wessler (2001). Phillips (2009) says that every one hate crime that is reported there are nine other hate crimes that go UN reported. Victims have a unnumberable of reasons why they do not report when they are a victim of hate crime. Some homosexual may not be ready to come out the closet fearing ruining relationships with co-workers family and friends. Some victims have subatomic confidence that the authorities will not help them receive jurist from there perpetuators. For hate crimes that is reported political leaders, law enforcement agencies state and federal agencies and public interest groups are working together to track charge the origin of the bias acts committed Wessler (2001).If ever a victim of hate crime there is laws to protect people from people bias unlawful acts. A victim should first contact their local police or speak with someone at a higher level to inform them of the perpetrators cruel intentions Wessler (2001). When hate crimes are committed, their perpetrators face penalization such as fines to their victims and jail time depending on how severe the crime is Wessler (2001). The Good news of all of this is that as a nation it is more people fighting against hate crimes Wessler (2001). People are speaking out more when bias acts flares up in their present.If ever been physically attacked, peril with physical harm or discriminated against because of race, color, religion, national origin, ethnic background, gender, sexual orientation, or disability is a victim of hate crime. Hate crime breathing since the early 1800s now have laws to protect people from bias unlawful acts committed against them. Although America still filled of hatred, with the help of the government, law enforcements, noncommercial groups against hate crime and good people, can help slow pile the motivated bias acts.References1)Early Warning, Timely Response, Us Department of Education. (). Retrieved from http//www.ed.gov/offices/OSERS/OSEP/earlywrn.html 2)1999 Hate crimes Laws, Anti-Defamation League,. (1999). Retrieved from http//www.adl.org/frames/front_99hatecrime.html 3)Wessler, S. (2001). Addressing Hate Crimes. Six Initiatives That Are Enhancing the Efforts of Criminal justice Practitioners. Hate Crimes Series. Bureau of Justice Assistance Monograph, 4)Phillips, N. D. (2009). The prosecution of hate crimes. The Limitations of the Hate Crime Typology,

Cyber Laws and Cyber Crime

Presented by Kale Sandeep N. Gaikwad Avinash R. S. E. (Comp) S. E. (I T) e-mail telecommunicate&clxprotected com E-mail avi. email&160protected com Mob 919970061442 Mob 919960308551 G H Raisoni Institute of engineering science and Management, Jalgaon (M. S) Index Topics Page No. 1 Abstract 1 2 Introduction 2 3 Cyber offensive 2 4 smorgasbord of Cyber offence 2 5 Status of Cyber wickedness 6 6 Cyber honor 7 7 Cyber law in India 8 8 Advantages of Cyber Law 9 9 General Suggestions and reading 10 0 Suggestions for better earnest 10 11 closedown 11 12 Reference 12 Abstract Cyber practice of law and cyber execration is becoming an chief(prenominal) issue for social and economical concerned. The intake of reck whizzr, electronic devices and softw be is motley magnitude the motivation to protect these devices and softw be properly is inherently appeared with this. To protect these, it becomes needful to know ab break through cyber villainy and cyber law. Cyber crime is un lawful act in which figurer is either rotating shaft or target. After development of cyberspace tout ensemble data processor is subject access data and in ricochetation from totally over the world.This in addition lead to the misuse of ready reckoner and meshwork for Crime such as Financial crimes, Cyber pornography, Online gambling, adroit dimension crimes, Forgery, Cyber Defamation, Cyber s lecture, e-mail spoofing, electronic mail bombing, Denial of Service attack, Salami attacks, Virus / worm attacks, Web jacking, Data diddling and so forth Now days most of financial and non-financial activities are d genius with computer and computer think services such as network. Also the purpose of e-Governance coming in picture, where the confidential document of an organization is process and stored.The need of protection Cyber security resulted into development of cyber law in India and all most the world. Cyber law is important because it touches well-nigh all aspects of profound proceeding and activities on and concerning the Internet, the knowledge base Wide Web and net. The paper throw light on the abbreviated types of cyber crime, status of cyber crime and cyber awareness in India, Cyber law in India , Advantages of it in brief. Also this paper suggests the precaution measures and tips for cyber security for the users of computer and internet. 1. Introduction The de nonation recorded cyber crime took key out in the year 1820That is not affect considering the fact that the abacus, which is thought to be the earliest form of a computer, has been well-nigh since 3 vitamin D B. C. in India, Japan and China. The era of unexampled computers, however, began with the analytical engine of Charles Babbage. Today, computers reach come a long way, what with neural networks and nano-computing promising to turn every atom in a glass of water into a computer capable of performing a billion operations per second. Cyber crime is an fiendish having its origin in the growing dependence on computers in modern life.In a day and age when everything from microwave ovens and refrigerators to nuclear powerfulness plants is being run on computers, cyber crime has assumed rather pitch-b leave out implications. 2. Cyber crime At the Tenth United Nations Congress on the effectual community of Crime and Treatment of Offenders, cyber crime was broken into two categories and delineate thus 2. 1. Cyber crime in a narrow sense Any flagitious behavior directed by instrument of electronic operations that targets the security of computer systems and the data treat by them. 2. 2. Cyber crime in a broader senseAny il efficacious behavior committed by means of, or in relation to, a computer system or network, including such crimes as illegal possession offering or distri exactlying data by means of a computer system or network. As per Indian law, Crime has to be voluntary and willful, an act or omission that adversely affects a soul or property. A simple translation of cyber crime would be unlawful acts wherein the computer is either a tool or a target or both. 3. Classification of Cyber crime Cyber Crime is classified into 4 major categories as (A) Cyber crime against respective(prenominal) B) Cyber crime Against Property (C) Cyber crime Against Organization (D) Cyber crime Against confederation 3. 1. Against Individuals 3. 1. 1. electronic mail spoofing A spoofed email is one that appears to originate from one source simply actually has been sent from an otherwise source. E. g Avinash has an e-mail address email&160protected com His enemy, Rohan spoofs his e-mail and sends obscene messages to all his acquaintances. Since the e-mails appear to arouse originated from Avinash, his friends could take criminal offence and relationships could be spoiled for life. 3. 1. 2. SpammingSpamming means sending multiple copies of unsolicited mails or mass e-mails such as chain letters. 3. 1. 3. Cyber Defamation This o ccurs when defamation takes place with the help of computers and / or the Internet. E. g. soulfulness publishes defamatory matter nearly someone on a sack upsite or sends e-mails containing defamatory information to all of that soulfulnesss friends. 3. 1. 4. Harassment and Cyber stalking Cyber Stalking Means following the moves of an psyches exertion over internet. It tin can be done with the help of m either a(prenominal) protocols on hand(predicate) such at e- mail, chat rooms, user net groups. The Oxford dictionary defines talking as pursuing stealthily. Cyber stalking involves following a persons movements crosswise the Internet by posting messages (some epochs bratening) on the bare boards frequented by the victim, entering the chat-rooms frequented by the victim, constantly bombarding the victim with emails etc. 3. 2. Against Property 3. 2. 1. Credit Card Fraud You simply acquit to type mention razz subjugate into www page of vendor for online transaction. If el ectronic transactions are not secured the credit card numbers can be stolen by the hackers who can misuse this card by impersonating the credit card proprietor. . 2. 2. Intellectual Property crimes These include Software piracy i. e. illegal write of designs, distribution of copies of software ,Copyright infringement Trademarks violations ,Theft of computer source code 3. 2. 3. Internet datetheft The routine of the Internet hours by an unlicenced person which is actually paid by another person. 3. 3. Against Organization 3. 3. 1. UnauthorizedAccessingofComputer Accessing the computer/network without permission from the admiter. This activity is comm save referred to as hacking.The Indian law has, however, given up a different connotation to the term hacking, so we will not use the term unauthorized access interchangeably with the term hacking. It can be of 2 forms one is Changing/deleting data i. e. unauthorized change in data and other is Computer voyeur where the criminal reads or copies confidential or branded information, but the data is neither deleted nor changed. 3. 3. 2. Denial Of Service When Internet emcee is flooded with continuous bogus requests so as to denying legitimate users to use the server or to crash the server.Denial of service attack involves fill a computer resource with more requests than it can handle. This causes the resource (e. g. a web server) to crash in that respectby denying authorized users the service offered by the resource. another(prenominal) variation to a typical denial of service attack is cognize as a Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack wherein the perpetrators are many and are geographically widespread. It is very hard-fought to belowstand such attacks. Denial-of-service attacks leave had an impressive history having, in the past, brought down website like Amazon CNN, hayseed and eBay 3. 3. 3 VirusattackA computer computer virus is a computer design that can infect other computer political programs by modifying them in such a way as to include a possibly evolved replicate of it. Viruses can be file infecting or affecting boot arena of the computer. Worms, unlike viruses do not need the host to attach themselves to. 3. 3. 4. Email Bombing Email bombing refers to sending a large number of emails to the victim resulting in the victims email account (in eluding of an individual) or mail servers (in look of a company or an email service provider) crashing. 3. 3. 5. Salami Attack When negligible amounts are removed &038 accumulated in to something larger.These attacks are used for the commission of financial crimes. The key here is to convey the alteration so insignificant that in a wizard case it would go completely unnoticed. 3. 3. 6. Logic Bomb Its an plaint dependent program , as soon as the designated event occurs, it crashes the computer, release a virus or any other pernicious possibilities This implies that these programs are created to do something only whe n a certain event (known as a trigger event) occurs. E. g. even some viruses may be termed logic bombs because they lie dormant all through the year and become active only on a particular date. . 3. 7. fifth column Horse A Trojan is an unauthorized program which functions from inside what seems to be an authorized program, thereby concealing what it is actually doing. on that point are many simple ways of installing a Trojan in someones computer. The Common Types of Trojan horse are Remote Administration Trojans (RATs) Password Trojans Privileges-Elevating Trojans Destructive Trojans Joke Programs 3. 3. 8. Data diddling This mannequin of an attack involves altering raw data just before it is processed by a computer and then changing it back after the processing is completed.Electricity Boards in India draw been victims to data diddling programs inserted when private parties were computerizing their systems. 3. 4. Against Society 3. 4. 1. Forgery Counterfeit currency notes, postage and revenue stamps, mark sheets etc can be forged using sophisticated computers, printers and scanners. Outside many colleges crossways India, one finds touts soliciting the sale of fake mark sheets or even certificates. These are do using computers, and high quality scanners and printers. 3. 4. 2. Cyber TerrorismIt is use of computer resources to intimidate or coerce others. Computer crime has hit universe with unbelievable severity. Computer viruses, worms, Trojans, denial of service attacks, spoofing attacks and e-frauds have taken the historical and virtual worlds by storm. The term cyber terrorism can be defined as Cyber terrorism is the premeditated use of disruptive activities, or the threat thereof, in cyber space, with the intention to further social, ideological, religious, political or similar objectives, or to intimidate any person in furtherance of such objectives. 3. 4. 3 Web Jacking Hackers gain access and reassure over the website of another, even they c hange the content of website for fulfilling political objective or for money. This occurs when someone forcefully takes control of a website (by cracking the password and later changing it). The actual owner of the website does not have any more control over what appears on that website. 4. Status of Cyber Crime Back in 1990, less than 100,000 heap were able to log on to the Internet worldwide. Now a assault 500 gazillion people are using the net around the globe.UK has the largest number of infected computers in the world followed by the US and China. The US is the leading source farming for attacks. China is second and Germany is third. 4. 1. In India i) During 2003, a total of 411 cases were registered under IPC Sections as compared to 738 such cases during 2002 thereby reporting a significant go under of 44 share in 2003 over 2002. ii) A total of 475 persons were arrested in the country for Cyber Crimes under IPC during 2003. iii) The age-wise profile of the arrested person s showed that 45 percent were in the age-group of 30-45 years, 28. percent of the offenders were in the age-group of 45-60 years and 11 offenders were aged 60 years and above. higher up figures doesnt mean that cyber crime is declining in India, the fact is that people in our country do not report cyber crimes for the following reasons a) They dont want to face curse by police force. b) The fear of bad publicity which could hurt their reputation in society. Also, c) It becomes extremely difficult to convince the police to register any cyber crime, because of lack of awareness about cyber crime and cyber law and also about their registration and handling by the police.A recent survey indicates that for every 500 cyber crime incidents that took place, only 50 are reported to the police and out of that only one is actually registered. These figures indicate how difficult it is to convince the police to register a cyber crime. The establishment of cyber crime cells in different par t of the country was expected to boost cyber crime reporting and prosecution. However, these cells havent quite unploughed up with expectations. 5. Cyber law The cyber world has no physical boundaries, no single authority who governs the internet.The Internet is the average for freely sharing information and opinions It provides everyone with round the clock access to information, credit and financial services, and shopping. Even network information systems are being adopted by the government worldwide, thats why the governments across the world are recognizing the need to securing &038 regulating the cyber world. 5. 1. Why Cyber law? When Internet was developed, the founding fathers of Internet hardly had any inclination that Internet could transubstantiate itself into an all pervading revolution which could be misused for criminal activities and which required regulation.Today, there are many disturbing things happening in cyberspace. Due to the nameless nature of the Internet, it is possible to engage into a variety of criminal activities with impunity and people with intelligence, have been grossly misusing this aspect of the Internet to perpetuate criminal activities in cyberspace. Hence there is need for Cyber laws in India. Cyber law is important because it touches almost all aspects of transactions and activities on and concerning the Internet, the World Wide Web and Cyberspace. Whether we greet it or not, every action and every reaction in Cyberspace has some legal and Cyber legal perspectives. . 2 Who should concern about Cyberlaw? Everyone, Cyber law is of everyones concern. As the nature of Internet is changing and this new medium is being seen as the ultimate medium ever evolved in forgiving history, every activity of yours in Cyberspace can and will have a Cyber legal perspective. From the time one register athletic field Name, to the time one set up a web site, to the time one promote a website, to the time when one send and receive email, to the time one conduct electronic commerce transactions on the say site, at every point of time, there are various Cyber law issues involved.One may not be bothered about these issues at once because one may ascertain that they are very distant from him/her and that they do not have an impact on Cyber activities. But sooner or later, you will have to tighten your belts and take note of Cyber law for your own benefit. 6. Cyber Law In India Cyber Crimes are a new class of crimes to India. It is quick expanding due to extensive use of internet. India is among few countries in the world that have a separate law for cyber crimes. Recently Nepal has passed Bill against Cyber crime.Indian parliament has passed the legislation known as Information Technology operation 2000 drafted by the Ministry of Communication and Information. The Information Technology Act came into force on seventeenth October, 2000. IT Act amends some of the existing legislation, such as Indian Penal Code,1860 I ndian Evidence Act, 1872 hopeers Book Evidence Act. 1891, Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934 6. 1. Features of The IT Act 2000 i)Legal recognition of electronic contracts, digital signature, digital certificates. ii) Various types of cyber crime committed in India and outside India is covered alongwithpenalties. ii) escort of Certifying Authorities(CA) to issue digital signature, digital certificates. iv)Controller of Certifying Authorities to act as depository for all Certifying Authorities. v) Appointment of Adjudicating Officer for holding enquiries under this Act. vi) EstablishmentofCyberAppellateTribunal. vii) Cyber Regulations Advisory Committee who will advice the key Government and CA. Technology. The act is based on the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law(UNCITRAL) model on electronic commerce. 6. 2. IT Act 2000 does not include ) Specific Definition of cyber crime is not given.. ii) Intellectual Property Rights such as trade Marks, Patents, digital Copyrig ht Issues. iii) Domain name disputes and their resolution, Data protection issues are not covered. iv)No provision is made for the Taxation issues arising due to e-commerce 7. Advantages of Cyber Laws The IT Act 2000 attempts to change outdated laws and provides ways to have sex with cyber crimes. We need such laws so that people can perform corrupt transactions over the Net through credit cards without fear of misuse.The Act offers the much-needed legal framework so that information is not denied legal effect, validity or enforceability, solely on the ground that it is in the form of electronic records. The IT Act 2000 and its render contain many positive aspects. Firstly, the implications of these provisions for the e-businesses would be that email would now be a valid and legal form of communication in our country that can be punctually produced and approved in a court of law. Digital signatures have been given legal validity and sanction in the Act.The Act throws open the do ors for the entree of corporate companies in the business of being Certifying Authorities for issuing Digital Signatures Certificates. The Act now allows Government to issue notification on the web thus heralding e-governance. It shall now be possible for corporates to have a statutory remedy in case if anyone breaks into their computer systems or network and causes change or copies data. The remedy provided by the Act is in the form of fiscal damages, not exceeding Rs. 1 crore. 8. General Suggestions against cyber crime Dont delete harmful communication theory (emails, chat logs, posts etc).These may help provide vital information about the identity of the person behind these. Try not to panic. If you feel any immediate physical danger of bodily harm, call your local anesthetic police. Avoid getting into huge arguments online during chat or discussions with other users. Be extremely careful about how you share personal information about yourself online. mystify sure that your ISP and Internet Relay Chart (IRC) network have an acceptable use policy that prohibits cyber-stalking. And if your network fails to respond to your complaints, consider electric switch to a provider that is more responsive to user complaints. If a posture online becomes hostile, log off or surf elsewhere. If a situation places you in fear, contact a local law enforcement agency. Save all communications for evidence. Do not edit or alter them in any way. Also, keep a record of your contacts with Internet System Administrators or Law Enforcement Officials. 9. Suggestions for better security Use strong passwords. Choose passwords that are difficult or impossible to guess. Give different passwords to all other accounts. Make regular back-up of decisive data. Back-up must be made atleast once in each day. Use virus protection software.Checking daily for new virus signature updates, and then actually scanning all the files on your computer periodically. Use a firewall as a ga tekeeper between your computer and the Internet. Do not keep computers online when not in use. Either leave off them off or physically disconnect them from Internet connection. Do not open e-mail attachments from strangers, regardless of how enticing the subject line or attachment may be. Regularly download security patches from your software vendors. 10. Conclusion Thus, the awareness of cyber crime and cyber law has become a necessity for persons in cyberspace.The study of cyber crime and its different aspects will be helping to individual in cyberspace to avoid and restrict the cyber crime around them and related to them. Also the study of cyber crime will keep them alert against cyber crime. absence of Cyber security policy in organization may lead to critical problem for Management to maintain the data security of organization. Recent incidents relating to cyber crime have not just addd the vulnerability of various socio-economic constituents, but also brought forth the n eed for better managerial and operating capabilities of our legal framework in stopping this growing menace.Cyber law in India is cypher but the outcome of this need. Cyber law will be helpful to control the cases of cyber crime. IT act 2000 has given constitutional support to fight against cyber criminals. This act has also given legal status to e-business, digital signature cause to increase faith in online trading. The number of cases reported is much less than what it is in reality. This is because of unawareness of law. Awareness program on Cyber law and Cyber Crime should undertaken by Social Organisation.The program may include basic information of cyber law, internet security, and minimum hardware and software security measures required for an individual or organisation. Reference (1) Cyber and Information Technology Article By Talwant Singh (Judge) (2) Perspective of Cyber crime in India Kernila Seth (3) Cyber law ,Data Protection in India Article by Gurpreet Singh (4) w ww. cuil. com (5) www. cyberlawsindia. net (6) www. cybersmart. in (7) www. indlii. org (8) www. asianlaws. org (9) www. report cyber crime. com (10) www. scribd. com

Kiffe Kiffe Tomorrow

Kiffe Kiffe Tomorrow tells a truly radical and lonely drool of an Arabian that is faced with hard struggles in conduct. After her start out unexpended field them for a nonher woman, Dorias world was crushed and she became pessimistic. But above completely in all in all that pessimism lies a hope for a better life for her and her generate. After her father left them for a nonher woman, Doria began to lose hope and became unhopeful. Since then many fond workers were adamant to try and help them (Guene).The catalyst for Doria to attain a very pessimistic view in life is the fact that her father left them in a slum for another woman back in their homeland. Moreover, the fact that her mother is illiterate and that they have to work many jobs fair(a) to satisfy their very needs added to the feeling of hopelessness that she felt. Since that kind of life dawned upon them, Doria has to face the truth about her life. Many psychologists began to offer their help to Doria merely she seemed to move away from them. She does not appreciate their assistance or help.The efforts of the psychologists and genial workers were not very helpful in changing young Dorias outlook in life. When Madame Burlaud showed her pictures as attest, Doria thought that it was funny and described her actions as like in a dog.With this kind of reaction and analogy that Doria gave, it seems that she does not want help from any of them. It is however sad that she feels this way because personally, yet though I have not met any social worker, I believe that they have the best interest for a person. Doria is very crocked that they their attempts are just futile alone, in reality, she really needs all the help in the world. Moreover, the fact that she does not have very wide-cut roles and influences round her shapes her points of view in life. Being strong is well-behaved but sometimes admitting that we are weak is even a stronger deed.In my opinion, Doria will not have that practise d life that she dreams of if she continues to reject all the validatory criticisms and influences around her. Just like what is stated above, she needs a more than positive outlook in life. Foremost, the social workers could have given them a more suitable place to live in because all these negative thoughts that is cooked up in her mind is an indirect product of her environment.She needs to first devote a healthy environment for two of them. Afterwards, she should go to school to take in her degree so that she can find a good job. Doria and her mother will have a stronger and meaningful bond if she will just accept all the good offers that these caring people give.Regarding the reading assignment, the designer has indeed a point when he stated that the nonage ethnical groups in France refuse to be integrated in their culture (Hargreaves). Moreover, he stated that the bigger blame should be on the governments integration policies for the countrys minority ethnic group (Hargre aves). The minority groups refuse to cooperate with the government for many reasons and because of these, it became a reason for riots to pass on all over the country.This fact is evident in the narration of Guene wherein the admirer from her book refuses to be integrated to the French system. This news is very racist and ethnocentric in nature. I believe that the French government has something good in stored for the ethnic minority groups in their country but because of pride, patriotism and even religion, these groups refuses to act on it because they are all so uplifted of their roots.But I believe that peace can be attained from these conflicts if both parties will respect the decision of each other. Both parties can have a benefit from each one if they will able to make some very good policies that will benefit the larger band of the groups. I believe that more than love, respect and understanding should be instilled for all the leaders of the minority ethnic groups and t he politicians to attain a very good goal.Work CitedGuene, Faiza. Kiffe Kiffe Tomorrow. Tra Edition ed Harvest Books, 2006.Hargreaves, Alec G. An Emperor with No Clothes? (2005). January 22, 2008 <http//riotsfrance.ssrc.org/Hargreaves/>.

Review of the IT Administrator’s Task

You are an IT executive holdor for a company with an existing AD Forest. The company is adding cardinal, untested set mop up offices and you have been tasked with designing a facts of life strategy prior to DC deployment. Branch1 forget be connected to the Main Office via a couple up of bonded T1 lines and will contain a Call Center with high employee turnover. Branch2 will be in a very remote location and will be connected to the Main Office via a 56K POTS line.The run a counterpunch topology in multi put network should be run off of Intersite Topology Generator. This will allow you to replicate between the two new offices. There are three attributes to control the behavior of replication accomplishment over the site link cost, schedule, and frequency. Assigning a cost to a site link object allows the administrator to define the pate that replication will take. The schedule of the site link object determines when the link is on hand(predicate) to replicate information. A site links frequency determines how frequently information will be replicated over a particular site link.Active Directory uses two protocols Remote Procedure Calls over Internet Protocol by default for all replication traffic. The other protocol is called Simple ship Transport Protocol is an alternative solution for intersite replication when a direct or reliable IP connection is not available. SMTP site connect use asynchronous replication meaning that each replication transaction does not need to complete before another can split because the transaction can be stored until the destination server is available.After reviewing all of these protocols and the replication strategy that I have provided should give you a good spirit of which needed for each office building. Good luck on adding your two new branch offices.

Paranormal: Personality Psychology and Carl Jung Essay

Topic Area This see considers at the apprisal between the imprint in the telegnostic and different character traits. on that point argon two ways of look at belief in the paranormal this say will look at the masses who accept and those who most(prenominal)what hope and analyze their personalities traits. Hypothesis This force field examined two tell apart views of paranormal belief which suggest, in bingle c ampere, that belief in the paranormal is declarative of psychopathology.On the new(prenominal) hand, a number of researcher work disagreed with this viewpoint, suggesting that such a belief is not an indicator of psychopathology, but the fulfilment of some otherwise underlying need. This study was designed to assess the disposition traits of those we would we would consider to be racy and low believers in parapsychological science. Method The players in this study were undergraduate college students mostly freshmen and sophomores who were enrolled in intr oductory level psychology classes.There were 105 students involved in the study with an age regurgitate from 18 to 44 the gender breakdown of participants consisted of 46 men and 59 women whose average age was 20. 19 years old. The participants were administered the Paranormal Belief denture (Tobacyk & Milford, 1983), The Anomalous Experience Inventory (Kumar, Pekala, & Gallagher, 1994), the Personality seek Form (Jackson, 1984), and a general questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of basic questions about demographics and any picture or preconceptions about the paranormal.The coefficient alphas for the Paranormal Belief Scale were . 93 and . 91. Alphas for the sub scale of measurements blow from . 69-. 85 and . 49-. 74. Using the Paranormal Belief Scale participants were broken into groups of laid-back and low believers base on a scale of 25-125 with high believers obtaining a study water of 80 and low believers obtaining a score of 63. Each scale was administered in a class room mountain and was untimed although the study took approximately 60 minutes to clear sex. Upon completion each participant was released and received a debriefing letter after the study. Results and DiscussionThe outcomes of this study showed that the high believers of the paranormal were more than likely to wee friends with similar beliefs they as well as are more likely to watch shows and usher books found on paranormal subjects. The study also showed that more of the high believers had imaginary friends as they were growing up. Also high believers attended church slight than those in the low believers category and didnt look at themselves as truly religious in comparison to low believers. The sieve also shows a distinct difference in gender with females tally significantly higher than males on the (PBS) scale.There was also a serial of ANOVAs (analysis of variance) that revealed a significant difference on four of the PRF scales Abasement, Aggression, D efendence, and Sentience these decision represent that there was not a strong enough blood between these scales and the PBS to suggest a significant difference when examining high vs. low believers. However women scored higher than the men on Aggression and Defendence musical composition men scored higher on Abasement. Critique When initially reviewing this study to make a determination on which research example that I was overtaking to focus on for my paper.I found that I was really interested in what the outcome of this research would be based on the tot up of research that I am aware of that has been done on the study of the paranormal. This particular research was really interesting to me as it attempted to assess the personality traits of those who could be considered either high and/or low believers in parapsychology. According to other studies a person who believes in the paranormal is considered psychologi heraldy dysfunctional. This study used what I musical note was a small segment of the population for such a broad subject that seems to have so umpteen followers.The fact that they used 105 undergraduates from the age of 18 44 makes me think that they whitethorn have limited themselves when it comes to the broad perspective of people that they could have used. If I were conducting the study I would have opened it up to males and females with age not being a factor in the study. I also would have went outside of the classroom to get my participants by looking for people who were of all different walks of animation and backgrounds, from those with a high enlighten education wholly to those in under graduate and graduate programs.I would have also attempted to recruit people from different professions from store worker to executive. another(prenominal) thing that I would have looked into would be the superpower to get people to participate with whom I knew where members of the Wiccan community and also some people who believe in psi, Esp. , and others who believe in poltergeist. I feel this would have produced some validity to base the answers of the non-believers against the answers of the known (or high) believers to form some sort of median to the answers instead of just basing the answers off of people with whom are just here for their extra credit in their Psychology class.Another factor of the rivulet that could have affected the outcome was the fact that it was administered in a class like setting. I feel that while the test should be structured maybe they should have administered it in a less formal manner. When looking at the different tests that were administered to the participants there seemed to be one consistent outcome on all of them. This outcome was that there was very little or no difference in the personality traits of believers compared to those of non-believers.The only measurable differences between the groups were the fact that females scored significantly higher than males when it came to t he PBS Psi scale and on aggression and defendence. Males scored higher than females on abasement. Once again I believe other than the gender based oodles that the other scores could have been affected by the fact that all the participants in this study were college students in the same program at the same school. correct though there was an age difference and there were students of opposite genders the scores seem to close to me to rule out any relevance to this argument. human relationship of the study to personality theory The central relationship which was studied came in chapter 4 of our textbook, titled Jung Analytical Psychology. Carl Jung, in my opinion, seemed to be open to umpteen things that could be considered paranormal. Jung related dreams and past experiences to paranormal horizons as well as ESP and he also associated levels of a persons personality traits to different levels of the paranormal. Carl Jung was a strong believer in paranormal performance like spirit s, e. s. p. , and the occult.Jung was raised around religion and the occult from an early age, many members of his family were pastors and his mothers family practiced spiritualism and mysticism. Jungs grandfather was a believer of the occult, so much so that he kept a chair for the ghost of his dead wife and would oftentimes have propose talks with her. One might conclude that these childhoods encounters shaped Jungs beliefs reach out him to associate personality traits and paranormal beliefs with one other. Jungs theories were largely based around his study of the interpretations of dreams, both regular and paranormal. Jung was puzzled by paranormal dreams.He could not classify them the way normal dreams could be, but the closed book did lead him to expound on his principle of synchronicity. This concept is that events occur unitedly in time but are not linked done cause and effect connections. For instance, a clock might stop at the moment of its owners death, but these are purely synchronistic and misrelated events. Jung concluded that perhaps there is some sort of order in the universe, where a manifestation appears psychically while the related manifestation in physical reality happens at the same time. (Carl Jung) Jung theorized that there were people, based on personality traits that were more likely to be influenced by paranormal thought and ideologies and came to the conclusion that introverts tend to have the best link to the paranormal. Besides the levels of the point and the dynamics of personality, Jung recognized various psychological types that grow out of a union of two basic attitudes-intro-versions and extraversion-and four separate functions-thinking, feeling, sensing, and intuiting. (Feist, 2009) Intuiting, in general, is often most associated with the paranormal, as expandd in our textbook on page great hundredTable 4.1, introverted intuition is associated with prophets, mystics and religious fanatics. Hurst states that Int roverted intuitive people are guided by unconscious perception of facts that are basically subjective and have little or no resemblance to impertinent reality. Their subjective intuitive perceptions are remarkably strong and capable of motivate decisions of monugenial magnitude. Introverted intuitive people such as mystics, prophets, surrealistic artist, or religious fanatics, often appear peculiar to people of other types who have little comprehension of their motives.Actually, Jung believed that introverted intuitive people may not clearly understand their own motivations, yet they are profoundly motivated by them. (Feist, 2009) It is my opinion that these personality theories prove that paranormal belief is not something that is only suffered by psychopaths. The study states, Paranormal belief is indicative of psychopathology, as suggested by the current study. (Auton, Pope, Seeger) I think that Jungs theories illustrate that though a person may experience a paranormal inst ance it does not necessarily mean that there is a mental disorder present.Paranormal experiences may rather be a result of ones social environment, as often people who believe in the paranormal have acquaintances that share in that belief. It was also pen that people with such beliefs tend to watch more television and read more books that are based on the paranormal and occult. Relationship of the study to your own life and personality Paranormal belief is something that has intrigued me ever since I was a young child.You might say that I am a skeptical believer, as I like to think that everything that happens has a modestness for taking place and there is usually a way to develop any situation that people might consider paranormal. I have had many strange experiences throughout my life that one might call paranormal and some I have had explanations for and others I have not. When I began reviewing the article, Paranormal Belief and Personality Traits, for this assignment I was i n complete disagreement with the portion that stated that paranormal belief was synonymous with psychological dysfunction ( i.e. psychotic, neurotic, and depressive. )(Auton, Pope, Seeger) I found myself identifying with Carl Jungs theories regarding the paranormal which are a sharp contrast to those presented in this article. I feel and have been categorised by the Big 5 assessment as an extrovert and I feel that this may be the reason why I am so skeptical about paranormal experiences. I tend to look for the rhyme and reason of things that I have experienced in my life and am very skeptical about everything including ghosts, ESP and religion.Whether my paranormal experiences have affected my life or personality has yet to be said, though, I feel that these experiences were most certainly not a symptom of psychopathology. References Feist, J. & Feist, G. (2009). Theories of Personality (7th Edition). McGraw Hill. Carl jung his theories on archetypes, dreams, and the collective unconscious. (n. d. ). Retrieved from http//www. ucmeta. org/Pages/Articles/Dreaming/Carl-Jung-His-Theories-Archetypes-Dreams-Collective-Unconscious. php

Starion Entrepreneurship Case Analysis

M3786 NEW affect PLANNING SAMPLE deterrent ex adenosine monophosphatele ANALYSIS REPORT STARION ENTREPRENEURSHIP SAMPLE CASE ANALYSIS REPORT Starion Instruments, headlandquartered in Sunnyvale, CA is a private gild with core IP assets based on the pocket license of groundbreaking ceremony medical exam examination research in the field of laser tissue conjoin. Starion hopes to urge on the electro surgical field with the introduction of outputs like its cautery forceps put ond for cutting and close (cauterizing) tissue. The boilers suit annual grocery for these types of medical frauds is in excess of $1 billion.Further more than, Starions promising IP and act research goals leave change it to gain a significant foothold in the worldwide medical technology industry with sales reaching $150 billion annually. The buns of Starions IP lies in the hands of Dr. Michael Treats research. In the 1980s Dr. Treat and Dr. Larry Bass, a plastic sawbones resident at capital of Sou th Carolina Presbyterian, started experimenting with lasers in surgery. With a humble embark onning the 2 surgeons worked from Columbia Presbyterians 17th floor lab on their groundbreaking research.Together, these two pioneers invented the field of laser tissue welding using thermal get-up-and-go to rejoin tissue s forevered in surgery. However, this technology remained uncommercialized for some(prenominal) divisions after its initial discovery. Shelly Monfort, a Stanford-trained engineer, began her entrepreneurial career in 1986. With a background in R& angstrom unitD on medical twirls as soundly as start-up experience, commercializing those devices, Ms. Monfort and two engineers, Ken Mollenaur and George Hermann, were voluminous in the creation, funding, and exit of at least 6 surgical device companies from 1990-1996.Ken Mollenaur maintains experience designing and building medical prototypes. George Hermann possesses extensive experience navigating the medical device ap proval process working with the study regulatory bodies in the industries. By June 1988, Ms. Monfort had signed a license with Columbia Starion Instruments could now begin building a staff and a product to bring to market place. With their exclusive licensing deal in place, Dr. Treat left Columbia for Starions atomic fare 20 headquarters and began developing the product.In October 1999 Starion instruments, represented by Dr. Treat, made its de just now at the American College of Surgeons Conference, the single most important industry event for peck who would buy and office the product. At the time, the confederacys goal was to pinch $750,000 in capital. Ms. Monfort assembled $2 one thousand million from private investors along with a pair off of venture capital firms. At the time Starions valuation was $7 million. This was a crucial point for the company. Success or failure is practicallytimes based on an initial market foray.The direction chosen by management in this s ituation had an irrevocable effect on the companys overall performance. A capital infusion of solely $750,000 severely limited the companys marketing and development capabilities and was a sodding(a) underestimation of the companys capital needs a actualize representation of Ms. Monforts inexperience. Furthermore, the companys surplus capital requirements were highlighted by the investors willingness to infuse a $2,000,000 round when only solicited for $750,000. To Ms. Monforts credit it was her retainer and mentor, Dr.Thomas Fogarty, a legend in the surgical world, who insisted on the additional capital. The company planned to go to market with a package consisting of single use usable forceps and a disposable battery pack. The forceps would carry a cost tag of $410 and the battery pack would list for $39. The effort was directed toward an outspoken surgery application. Open surgeries accounted for slightly 80% of procedures performed at the time. Starion planned to lastl y expand to laparoscopic devices once it gained additional market share.An important picture of Starions dodge was to market its product as not only a superior tool as far as results, but alike to highlight the simplicity and cost effectiveness of its offering. Surgeons, the principal vendee in this space, are known to be fairly innovative, willing to try youthful things. However, it is only with repeated use that they gain skill with a prone device. Therefore, it is critical that they see not only a cost advantage, but a significant sum up in product performance in order for considerable adoption to take place.Starions choice to charge on the core buyer requirements magnifies their intimate knowledge of the space and contributed greatly to the companys overall success. The decision was made to concentrate on an open surgery strategy. aboriginal adoption, particularly for a lower-ranking lean in a big pond, is critical to any start up. This direction, spearheaded by manage ment, was a deft decision for several reasons. The customer base in this field consists of an end user with a complex hierarchy and buyer process. However, it is ultimately the end users decision which makes or breaks a product in this ield. Therefore, the decision to launch the product for use in open surgeries as opposed to laparoscopic procedures vastly increased the attractiveness to the wee adopter base. The open surgery tool strategy enabled doctors to rely on backwards compatibility (the ability to simply fall back on the try and true cut and suture method), another key point with experimental tools and methods. Prior to Starions laser tissue welding breakthrough, the most parkland electrosurgical tool was the monopolar device, also known as the Bovie device.With this technology, the persevering is wired to a fundament pad that provides a raceway for the electrical current to flow. The surgeon uses an electrode to pass a high-frequency electrical current through a patie nt to cut and cauterize tissue in a selected area. The Bovie requires a germ that cost between $7,500 and $10,500 a year. In addition, each operation requires disposable (one time use) grounding pads and electrodes, whose combined cost is 5 to 6 dollars per procedure. The disadvantages entangle (relatively rare) situations in which the device causes burns to the patient at the side of the grounding pad.Additionally, the Bovies high energy output can interfere with the ever growing mass of electronic equipment in modern operating rooms. An pick to the Bovie device is the UltraCision, also known as the harmonic scalpel. This device uses sonography to generate the heat needed to cut and seal tissues. Ethicon Endo-Surgery Inc. a Jonson &type A Johnson subsidiary owns UltraCision. Starion estimates that the ultrasound based product has annual sales of round $100 million. Like the Bovie device, the UltraCision system requires a reusable power supply, which costs virtually $15,000.Th e system also uses an electrical cable that costs $630 and must(prenominal) be replaced after approximately 100 surgeries. In addition, single-use tips that cost approximately $325 are also required. Given the relatively high degree of cost associated with marketing medical technologies, Starion pursued a strategy in which it would section a large market and avoid going head to head with its competitors. Due to its small size and relative weaknesses, Starion was forced to parse the market even further deciding to promote its technology specifically for use in a single procedure which would greatly reduce the overall cost of their product launch.The variable costs, excluding sales commissions, for both the battery and forceps were communicate to equal about 40% of the sales price. Fixed costs, excluding R&D, were expected to total $1. 1 million in the first year of operation and $1. 65 million in the second year. R&D for the first year was projected at $1. 25 million and $1. 45 million for the second year. Given the industry standard, this team had the requisite components for a successful start-up. The initial engineering and development of a product like Dr.Treats is best done in a small workshop by passionate and dedicated serial entrepreneurs. However, the teams inability to surrender the reigns of the company inexorably inhibited the firms future growth. Conversely, the small, dedicated team was able to react dynamically to the market positioning their product with care in a segment which allowed a gain in market share. This short-term success may well translate to continued development however, the degree of future shareholder measure out is limited by an order of magnitude equal to the founders shortsightedness.In the medical device field, there are some significant barriers to first appearance the combination of patents, expensive/extensive clinical trials and research in mating with strict federal government oversight can overwhelm littler companies, and help protect established players against competition. The FDA is the primary regulator of medical devices, and its command is to insure that the devices that reach the market are safe and effective. The medical device industry is populated by a small number of major device manufacturers and diversified medical companies in addition to the large number of small companies.Dominant players in the industry include Johnson & Johnson, Baxter International, Becton Dickinson, Medtronic, Guidant, Boston Scientific, and U. S. running(a) (a unit of Tyco). The combined market capitalization of the industry leaders mentioned is approximately $300 billion with the smallest just over $9 billion (Source Bloomberg). medical products and services companies invest around 8% of annual revenues in R&D, this compares to 3 to 4% invested by U. S. manufacturers (Standard & Poors). However, the true path to innovation in this industry is through mergers and attainments.Due to ove rwhelming development and action costs coupled with a large upfront marketing outlay, league and acquisitions are the industry norm, not the exception. Even well capitalized companies will often choose the route above, rather than face the huge barriers that exist in this market. The Four Ps Product, procession, Protection and Price. Product Revolutionary technology. Promotion Combination of in-house and franchised channels. Protection Strong IP backed not only by the company but by Columbia. Price 91. 45% savingsSpeaks for itself.Further data was not supplied however the following is an example of some of the continued financial analysis we would conduct. Financial analysis make headway ratios realize Profit circumference = (gross revenue revenue COGS) / Sales Revenue engagement Profit Margin = Net Income / Sales Revenue Return on total Assets = Net income available to common have a bun in the oven holders / marrow Assets Return on stock holders equity = net income av ailable to common stock holders / stockholders equity liquid state Ratios Current Ratios = Current Assets / Current liabilities Quick Ratio = (Current assets strain) / Current liabilities Inventory Turnover = COGS / InventoryLeverage Ratios Debt-to-Assets Ratio = Total Debt / Total Assets Debt-To-Equity Ratio = Total Debt / Total Equity Cash Flow Analysis Determine appropriate debt levels, payout periods and additional analysis to confirm liquidity. Net Profit Margin = Net Income / Sales Revenue First Year -4,639,464/4,000,000= -1. 16 Second Year -689,333/8,000,000 = -. 086 Gross Profit Margin = (Sales revenue COGS) / Sales Revenue (4,000,000 1600000) / 4,000,000 = 0. 6 set strategy Pricing is currently very aggressive and sales strategy prudent.Initial management was executed properly, however it is likely that changes will need to be made in the near term to achieve significant market share. Partners strategic alignments are mainstays in this industry and should be aggressiv ely pursued. Strategic investment merger acquisition. Intellectual Property IP is an essential aspect of any medical device company given the simplicity of the fantasy the device may come up against some protection issues. Early indications seem to support the strength of the companys IP, however it is sure as shooting a concern which warrants further investigation.Note Both Starion and Columbia would be basis any major IP issue. Given the state of the industry and the laughable positioning of the companys IP prospects a partnership/acquisition would be our main point of recommendation in the near term. During this alteration it may be prudent to rethink the current organizational structure, with a specific focal point on senior management (when woful to a virgin phase often times senior management, who were desirable for the initial stage or better succeeded by a new team).RECOMMENDATIONS Our recommendation consists of three key elements that will drive profitability, conti nued growth, and increase market share adding shareholder value. Breakeven and ultimately profitability can be achieved (1) by instituting aggressive pricing to both vendors and sales force, (2) the merger of Starion Instruments with a bigger firm and/or (3) the acquisition of another firm that will allow them to manufacture, distribute, market and sell the product at a cheaper and more efficient manner.Current State Currently, Starion is the one of the world leaders on surgical device development. It has expanded worldwide distribution of its proprietary tissue welding technology to physicians in North America, Europe, the Middle East, Africa, and Asia. Last year the social club of Laparoendoscopic Surgeons named Starion Instruments the 2007 Innovator of the Year for the development of its next-generation Tissue Ligating dress which use its innovative cut and cauterizing technology.Since the launch of their original Cautery Forceps, Starion has created an entire line of Forceps and Ligating Shears which can all be viewed on their website http//www. starioninstruments. com/products. html. They are still a privately held company which is astounding given their tremendous success. This is not move given the fact that the first time they were offered to be bought out they declined. This has unplowed the leadership at the mercy of the owners and founders and will provide a unparalleled company such as Starion the ability to continue providing innovative, cost efficient, and feature